Illustration · 56 half-cut cells

Solar panelTrina Solar

Trina Solar TSM-275DD09M4C.18

Name: Trina Solar TSM-275DD09M4C.18
Brand: Trina Solar

56 half-cut cells. Power classes 265–285 W in the CEC list.

CEC listed · May 22, 2023UL 61730

Power class

Power (STC)275 WCEC nameplate
Efficiency≈17.0%calculated from area
%/°C Pmax−0.341CEC listing test
PTC / STC92.9%PTC 255 W (CEC)

Power classes

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation · 5 models

Model	Pmax	Voc, V	Isc, A	Vmp, V	Imp, A	Efficiency	PTC	CEC listed
TSM-265DD09M4C.18	265 W	38.50	8.81	31.70	8.36	≈16.4%	246 W	May 22, 2023
TSM-270DD09M4C.18	270 W	38.70	8.92	31.90	8.46	≈16.7%	251 W	May 22, 2023
TSM-275DD09M4C.18	275 W	38.90	9.02	32.10	8.57	≈17.0%	255 W	May 22, 2023
TSM-280DD09M4C.18	280 W	39.10	9.12	32.30	8.67	≈17.3%	260 W	May 22, 2023
TSM-285DD09M4C.18	285 W	39.30	9.22	32.50	8.77	≈17.6%	265 W	May 22, 2023

≈ efficiency = Pmax ÷ CEC-listed area 1.62 m².

Build & dimensions

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026)

Module area1.62 m² (17.4 ft²)CEC-listed area
Cells56 half-cut cells
Back coverTransparent backsheet

Heat & cold behaviour

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation

	CEC listing test
Pmax coefficient γ	−0.341 %/°C
Voc coefficient β	−0.255 %/°C
Isc coefficient α	+0.035 %/°C
Operating cell temperature	NOCT 45.5 °C

Vmp coefficient ≈ γ − α (CEC); used only for the hot-roof voltage estimate.

Away from lab conditions — CEC listing test points

Class	Pmax at NOCT	Vmp × Imp at NOCT	Pmax at 200 W/m²	Low-light efficiency vs STC
265 W	196.1 W	29.32 V × 6.69 A	50.9 W	96%
270 W	199.7 W	29.51 V × 6.77 A	51.8 W	96%
275 W	203.6 W	29.69 V × 6.86 A	52.8 W	96%
280 W	207.2 W	29.88 V × 6.94 A	53.8 W	96%
285 W	210.9 W	30.06 V × 7.02 A	54.7 W	96%

Pmax = Vmp × Imp from the CEC listing; low-light efficiency = Pmax at 200 W/m² ÷ (20% of STC Pmax).

Certifications

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026)

UL 61730IEC 61215

UL 61730CEC listing
IEC 61215design qualification on file with CEC · Feb 3, 2023

Independent reliability testing

Kiwa PVEL Scorecard · RETC PV Module Index

PVEL Scorecards

Trina Solar named Top Performer, 2014–2026

2023, 2024, 2025, 2026

RETC Overall Highest Achiever

Trina Solar, manufacturer level

This exact series is not listed in published PVEL Top Performer tables. Results below are for the manufacturer.

RETC PV Module Index — Trina Solar

Year	Recognition
2023	Overall Highest Achiever; High Achievement in Performance (Ptc-to-stc ratio, Module efficiency, LeTID RESISTANCE); High Achievement in Quality (Hail durability test); High Achievement in Reliability (Thermal cycle test, SDML, Pid resistance, Damp heat test)
2024	Overall Highest Achiever
2025	Overall Highest Achiever
2026	Overall Highest Achiever; High achievement in performance; High achievement in reliability; Performance discipline high achiever (Temperature coefficient, Iam, Letid, PAN file); Quality discipline high achiever (BOM verification); Reliability discipline high achiever (Damp heat, Pid, Sdml, Tc)

Inverter compatibility & string sizing

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation · NLR PVWatts v8 · inverter datasheets · NLR SAM inverter library · CEC Grid Support Inverter List (Oct 7, 2026)

CityColdest air, °CHottest cell, °CString inverter

41.2 V

Voc when cold

per panel

26.2 V

Vmp when hot

per panel

Max panels / string

max DC 600 V

Min panels / string

MPPT from 60 V

Defaults come from NLR TMY weather (coldest hour, hottest modeled cell). Code calculations (NEC 690.7) use the ASHRAE extreme annual minimum, which is usually colder — enter it above. β is the CEC-measured coefficient; NEC 690.7 calculations use the datasheet value.

String inverters most named in SoCal permits

Inverter	Max DC input	MPPT	Window source	Panels per string
Tesla 1538000-xx-y	600 V	60–480 V	datasheet	3–14
Solis (Ginlong) S6-EH1P10K-H-US	600 V	80–520 V	datasheet	4–14
Solis (Ginlong) Solis-1P7.6K-4G-US	600 V	100–500 V	datasheet	4–14
Qcells Q.VOLT H7.6SX	498 V	234–498 V	CEC test window	9–12

Microinverters (one per panel)

Microinverter	Recommended module power	Max DC input	MPPT	Voc cold / Vmp hot	Check	DC/AC
Enphase IQ8PLUS-72-2-US	235–440 W	60 V	29–45 V	41.2 / 26.2 V	⚠ Works; below MPPT at peak heat	0.95
APsystems (Alt Power System) DS3-L	265–570 W	60 V	28–45 V	41.2 / 26.2 V	⚠ Works; below MPPT at peak heat	0.35
Enphase IQ8M-72-2-US	260–460 W	60 V	30–45 V	41.2 / 26.2 V	⚠ Works; below MPPT at peak heat	0.85

Voltage check against the microinverter datasheets — confirm the pairing on the manufacturer’s module compatibility list. Rows appear only when the panel’s power is inside the microinverter’s recommended module power range.

SolarEdge and other optimizer-based systems size strings by the optimizer rules — use the manufacturer’s designer. Reference inverters: most named in SoCal permits since Oct 2024.

Expected production in Southern California

NLR PVWatts v8 · Cali-Graf calculation

PanelsCity for chartSystem size

City	kWh / kW / yr	kWh / panel / yr	kWh / system / yr	Sun, kWh/m²/day
Los Angeles	1,676	461	11,522	6.08
Palmdale	1,835	505	12,616	6.69
Chula Vista	1,696	466	11,660	6.11
Huntington Beach	1,643	452	11,296	5.89
Riverside	1,696	466	11,660	6.21
Santa Clarita	1,724	474	11,852	6.28

Estimate for comparison, not a quote: shading, roof orientation and local losses change real output. Roof mount, 20° tilt, south, 14% system losses.

Compare with similar 275 W panels

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · datasheets · Kiwa PVEL Scorecard

Panel	Pmax	Efficiency	γ Pmax (CEC)	Voc, V	Isc, A	PVEL (product / brand)
Trina Solar TSM-275DD09M4C.18	275 W	≈17%	−0.341	38.9	9.02	brand 12×
Hyundai Energy Solutions HiS-C275RG(BK)	275 W	≥17%	−0.382	38.18	9.15	brand 5× (2017–2025)
ZNShine Solar ZXM6-72-275/M	275 W	≈13.8%	−0.524	44.64	8.44	brand 8× (2016–2026)

Same fields from the same sources for every row; ≈ efficiency is calculated from the listed area. Comparable series: other brands, same product group, power range covering this class.

About Trina Solar

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Kiwa PVEL Scorecard · RETC PV Module Index · building permits

ManufacturerTrina Solar
Listed in CEC asTrina Solar, Trina Solar Co.,Ltd
Websitetrinasolar.com
PVEL Top Performer (manufacturer)12 Scorecards (2014–2026)
RETC PV Module Index2023, 2024, 2025, 2026
Current panel series in CEC list56

Other series by SoCal permits

TSM-xxxDE06X.05(II) · 23TSM-xxxNE09RC.05 · 6TSM-xxxDE09C.07 · 6TSM-xxxNEG19RC.20TSM-xxxNEG21C.20TSM-xxxNEG9RH.25

Questions & answers

How efficient is the Trina Solar TSM-275DD09M4C.18?

Calculated from the panel area (1.62 m²): about 17% for the 275 W class. 275 W over 1.62 m² equals about 170 W per square meter.

How much energy does one panel produce in Los Angeles or Palmdale?

PVWatts v8 with typical-year weather gives about 461 kWh per year per 275 W panel in Los Angeles and about 505 kWh in Palmdale (20° roof, facing south, 14% system losses).

How much power does it lose on a hot roof?

With γ = −0.341 %/°C, at a 77 °C cell temperature (hottest modeled hour in Palmdale) output is about 17.7% below the STC rating.

How many panels fit on one string?

With the Tesla 1538000-xx-y (max DC 600 V, MPPT from 60 V, datasheet) in Los Angeles the calculator gives 3–14 panels per string (Voc at 2 °C = 41.2 V, Vmp at 74 °C cell = 26.2 V). Final design must follow the inverter manual and NEC 690.7.

Has this panel been reliability-tested?

This exact series is not in published PVEL Top Performer tables; Trina Solar was named a Top Performer in 12 Scorecards (2014–2026). RETC named Trina Solar Overall Highest Achiever in 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026.

Sources

California Energy Commission — Solar Equipment Lists, PV Module List, Inverter List (snapshot Oct 7, 2026).
Hyundai Energy Solutions — datasheet [Customized Module] RG(BK) Series (PERC) 265~285W.
ZNShine Solar — manufacturer datasheet “ZXM6-72 Series Znshinesolar 5BB Monocrystalline PV Module”.
Kiwa PVEL — PV Module Reliability Scorecard, Top Performer lists 2014–2026.
RETC — PV Module Index reports 2023–2026.
NLR (formerly NREL) — System Advisor Model CEC inverter library (version 2026.7.3).
NLR (formerly NREL) — PVWatts v8, NSRDB PSM v3 typical-year weather for Los Angeles, Palmdale, Chula Vista, Huntington Beach, Riverside, Santa Clarita.
Inverter datasheets — APsystems (Alt Power System), Enphase, Solis (Ginlong), Tesla (manufacturer documents).
Building permits — Southern California permit portals. Equipment matched from permit descriptions.
Cali-Graf calculations — formulas and inputs are shown next to each calculated value (efficiency from area, temperature-corrected voltages, string sizing, energy estimates).