Illustration · 108 half-cut cells

Solar panelShanghai Aerospace Automobile…

Shanghai Aerospace Automobile Electromechanical HT54-18X 410

Name: Shanghai Aerospace Automobile Electromechanical HT54-18X 410
Brand: Shanghai Aerospace Automobile Electromechanical

108 half-cut cells. Power classes 405–415 W in the CEC list.

CEC listed · Aug 21, 2024UL 61730PVEL Top Performer 2023, 2024, 2025

Power class

Power (STC)410 WCEC nameplate
Efficiency≈21.6%calculated from area
%/°C Pmax−0.337CEC listing test
PTC / STC94.1%PTC 386 W (CEC)

Power classes

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation · 3 models

Model	Pmax	Voc, V	Isc, A	Vmp, V	Imp, A	Efficiency	PTC	CEC listed
HT54-18X-405	405 W	37.19	13.91	31.31	12.95	≈21.3%	381 W	Aug 21, 2024
HT54-18X-410	410 W	37.33	13.98	31.44	13.05	≈21.6%	386 W	Aug 21, 2024
HT54-18X-415	415 W	37.48	14.06	31.60	13.14	≈21.8%	391 W	Aug 21, 2024

≈ efficiency = Pmax ÷ CEC-listed area 1.9 m².

Build & dimensions

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026)

Module area1.9 m² (20.5 ft²)CEC-listed area
Cells108 half-cut cells
Back coverWhite backsheet

Heat & cold behaviour

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation

	CEC listing test
Pmax coefficient γ	−0.337 %/°C
Voc coefficient β	−0.271 %/°C
Isc coefficient α	+0.044 %/°C
Operating cell temperature	NOCT 43.6 °C

Vmp coefficient ≈ γ − α (CEC); used only for the hot-roof voltage estimate.

Away from lab conditions — CEC listing test points

Class	Pmax at NOCT	Vmp × Imp at NOCT	Pmax at 200 W/m²	Low-light efficiency vs STC
405 W	301.2 W	29.08 V × 10.36 A	79.2 W	98%
410 W	304.8 W	29.2 V × 10.44 A	80.2 W	98%
415 W	308.4 W	29.35 V × 10.51 A	81.1 W	98%

Pmax = Vmp × Imp from the CEC listing; low-light efficiency = Pmax at 200 W/m² ÷ (20% of STC Pmax).

Independent reliability testing

Kiwa PVEL Scorecard

2023, 2024, 2025

PVEL Top Performer

this series

Tests passed as Top Performer

DH, HSS, LID+LETID, MSS, PID

PVEL Scorecards

Shanghai Aerospace Automobile Electromechanical named Top Performer, 2018–2026

PVEL Top Performer tests

Year	Product	Tests
2023	HT54-18X-xxx	LID+LETIDMSSPID
2024	HT54-18X-xxx	DHHSSLID+LETIDPID
2025	HT54-18X-xxx	MSS

Tested bill of materials

PVEL-tested factoryTurkey
Cell technology (tested BOM)p-type PERC
Module design (tested BOM)bifacial - glass//backsheet
Power class range tested380-425W
Hail test ice ball50 mm

Details describe the tested sample, not every module of the series.

Inverter compatibility & string sizing

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation · NLR PVWatts v8 · inverter datasheets · NLR SAM inverter library · CEC Grid Support Inverter List (Oct 7, 2026)

CityColdest air, °CHottest cell, °CString inverter

39.7 V

Voc when cold

per panel

25.6 V

Vmp when hot

per panel

Max panels / string

max DC 600 V

Min panels / string

MPPT from 60 V

Defaults come from NLR TMY weather (coldest hour, hottest modeled cell). Code calculations (NEC 690.7) use the ASHRAE extreme annual minimum, which is usually colder — enter it above. β is the CEC-measured coefficient; NEC 690.7 calculations use the datasheet value.

String inverters most named in SoCal permits

Inverter	Max DC input	MPPT	Window source	Panels per string
Tesla 1538000-xx-y	600 V	60–480 V	datasheet	3–15
Solis (Ginlong) S6-EH1P10K-H-US	600 V	80–520 V	datasheet	4–15
Solis (Ginlong) Solis-1P7.6K-4G-US	600 V	100–500 V	datasheet	4–15
Qcells Q.VOLT H7.6SX	498 V	234–498 V	CEC test window	10–12

Microinverters (one per panel)

Microinverter	Recommended module power	Max DC input	MPPT	Voc cold / Vmp hot	Check	DC/AC
Enphase IQ8PLUS-72-2-US	235–440 W	60 V	29–45 V	39.7 / 25.6 V	⚠ Works; below MPPT at peak heat	1.41
Enphase IQ8X-80-M-US	320–540 W	79.5 V	43–60 V	39.7 / 25.6 V	✗ Not a match: module voltage below MPPT range	1.08
APsystems (Alt Power System) DS3-L	265–570 W	60 V	28–45 V	39.7 / 25.6 V	⚠ Works; below MPPT at peak heat	0.53
Enphase IQ8M-72-2-US	260–460 W	60 V	30–45 V	39.7 / 25.6 V	⚠ Works; below MPPT at peak heat	1.26
Enphase IQ8A-72-2-US	295–500 W	60 V	32–45 V	39.7 / 25.6 V	✗ Not a match: module voltage below MPPT range	1.17

Voltage check against the microinverter datasheets — confirm the pairing on the manufacturer’s module compatibility list. Rows appear only when the panel’s power is inside the microinverter’s recommended module power range.

SolarEdge and other optimizer-based systems size strings by the optimizer rules — use the manufacturer’s designer. Reference inverters: most named in SoCal permits since Oct 2024.

Expected production in Southern California

NLR PVWatts v8 · Cali-Graf calculation

PanelsCity for chartSystem size

City	kWh / kW / yr	kWh / panel / yr	kWh / system / yr	Sun, kWh/m²/day
Los Angeles	1,676	687	11,682	6.08
Palmdale	1,835	752	12,790	6.69
Chula Vista	1,696	695	11,821	6.11
Huntington Beach	1,643	674	11,452	5.89
Riverside	1,696	695	11,821	6.21
Santa Clarita	1,724	707	12,016	6.28

Estimate for comparison, not a quote: shading, roof orientation and local losses change real output. Roof mount, 20° tilt, south, 14% system losses.

Compare with similar 410 W panels

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Qcells datasheet · Kiwa PVEL Scorecard · building permits

Panel	Pmax	Efficiency	γ Pmax (CEC)	Voc, V	Isc, A	PVEL (product / brand)	SoCal permits (series)
Shanghai Aerospace Automobile Electromechanical HT54-18X 410	410 W	≈21.6%	−0.337	37.33	13.98	product 2023, 2024, 2025	—
Qcells Q.PEAK DUO BLK ML-G10+ 410	410 W	≈20.9%	−0.337	45.37	11.2	product 2022, 2023	221
JA Solar JAM54S31-405/MR	405 W	≈21.3%	−0.329	37.23	13.87	product 2023, 2024	152
REC Group REC410AA Pure	410 W	≈22.9%	−0.256	49	10.35	brand 9× (2016–2025)	66

Same fields from the same sources for every row; ≈ efficiency is calculated from the listed area. Comparable series: other brands, same product group, power range covering this class.

Questions & answers

How efficient is the Shanghai Aerospace Automobile Electromechanical HT54-18X 410?

Calculated from the panel area (1.9 m²): about 21.6% for the 410 W class. 410 W over 1.9 m² equals about 216 W per square meter.

How much energy does one panel produce in Los Angeles or Palmdale?

PVWatts v8 with typical-year weather gives about 687 kWh per year per 410 W panel in Los Angeles and about 752 kWh in Palmdale (20° roof, facing south, 14% system losses).

How much power does it lose on a hot roof?

With γ = −0.337 %/°C, at a 77 °C cell temperature (hottest modeled hour in Palmdale) output is about 17.5% below the STC rating.

How many panels fit on one string?

With the Tesla 1538000-xx-y (max DC 600 V, MPPT from 60 V, datasheet) in Los Angeles the calculator gives 3–15 panels per string (Voc at 2 °C = 39.7 V, Vmp at 74 °C cell = 25.6 V). Final design must follow the inverter manual and NEC 690.7.

Has this panel been reliability-tested?

HT54-18X-xxx was a PVEL Top Performer in 2023, 2024, 2025 (DH, HSS, LID+LETID, MSS, PID).

Sources

California Energy Commission — Solar Equipment Lists, PV Module List, Inverter List (snapshot Oct 7, 2026).
Qcells — manufacturer datasheet “Q.PEAK DUO BLK ML-G10+ ENDURING HIGH PERFORMANCE”.
Kiwa PVEL — PV Module Reliability Scorecard, Top Performer lists 2018–2026.
NLR (formerly NREL) — System Advisor Model CEC inverter library (version 2026.7.3).
NLR (formerly NREL) — PVWatts v8, NSRDB PSM v3 typical-year weather for Los Angeles, Palmdale, Chula Vista, Huntington Beach, Riverside, Santa Clarita.
Inverter datasheets — APsystems (Alt Power System), Enphase, Solis (Ginlong), Tesla (manufacturer documents).
Building permits — Southern California permit portals. Equipment matched from permit descriptions.
Cali-Graf calculations — formulas and inputs are shown next to each calculated value (efficiency from area, temperature-corrected voltages, string sizing, energy estimates).