Illustration · 144 half-cut cells

Solar panelPhiladelphia Solar

Philadelphia Solar PS-M144(HC) 465

Name: Philadelphia Solar PS-M144(HC) 465
Brand: Philadelphia Solar

144 half-cut cells. Power classes 440–555 W in the CEC list.

CEC listed · May 23, 2022UL 61730

Power class

Power (STC)465 WCEC nameplate
Efficiency≈21.6%calculated from area
%/°C Pmax−0.347CEC listing test
PTC / STC93.4%PTC 434 W (CEC)

Power classes

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation · 12 models

Model	Pmax	Voc, V	Isc, A	Vmp, V	Imp, A	Efficiency	PTC	CEC listed
PS-M144(HC)-440W	440 W	49.20	11.26	41.08	10.72	≈20.5%	410 W	May 23, 2022
PS-M144(HC)-445W	445 W	49.30	11.32	41.35	10.77	≈20.7%	415 W	May 23, 2022
PS-M144(HC)-450W	450 W	49.41	11.40	41.62	10.81	≈20.9%	420 W	May 23, 2022
PS-M144(HC)-455W	455 W	49.50	11.48	41.81	10.88	≈21.2%	425 W	May 23, 2022
PS-M144(HC)-460W	460 W	49.57	11.53	42.12	10.92	≈21.4%	429 W	May 23, 2022
PS-M144(HC)-465W	465 W	49.60	11.59	42.42	10.96	≈21.6%	434 W	May 23, 2022
PS-M144(HC)-530W	530 W	49.20	13.60	41.46	12.79	≈20.7%	488 W	Dec 1, 2022
PS-M144(HC)-535W	535 W	49.50	13.65	41.72	12.83	≈20.9%	493 W	Dec 1, 2022
PS-M144(HC)-540W	540 W	49.80	13.70	42.00	12.86	≈21.1%	498 W	Dec 1, 2022
PS-M144(HC)-545W	545 W	50.10	13.75	42.26	12.90	≈21.3%	503 W	Dec 1, 2022
PS-M144(HC)-550W	550 W	50.40	13.80	42.50	12.95	≈21.5%	507 W	Dec 1, 2022
PS-M144(HC)-555W	555 W	50.70	13.85	42.77	12.99	≈21.7%	512 W	Dec 1, 2022

≈ efficiency = Pmax ÷ CEC-listed area 2.15 m².

Build & dimensions

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026)

Module area2.35 m² (25.3 ft²)CEC-listed area
Cells144 half-cut cells
Back coverWhite backsheet

Heat & cold behaviour

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation

	CEC listing test
Pmax coefficient γ	−0.347 %/°C
Voc coefficient β	−0.282 %/°C
Isc coefficient α	+0.052 %/°C
Operating cell temperature	NOCT 45.4 °C

Vmp coefficient ≈ γ − α (CEC); used only for the hot-roof voltage estimate.

Away from lab conditions — CEC listing test points

Class	Pmax at NOCT	Vmp × Imp at NOCT	Pmax at 200 W/m²	Low-light efficiency vs STC
440 W	331.8 W	38.68 V × 8.58 A	83.6 W	95%
445 W	335.6 W	38.93 V × 8.62 A	84.5 W	95%
450 W	339 W	39.18 V × 8.65 A	85.4 W	95%
455 W	342.8 W	39.36 V × 8.71 A	86.3 W	95%
460 W	346.6 W	39.65 V × 8.74 A	87.3 W	95%
465 W	350.3 W	39.94 V × 8.77 A	88.2 W	95%
530 W	378.9 W	37.24 V × 10.17 A	96.4 W	91%
535 W	382.5 W	37.48 V × 10.21 A	97.3 W	91%
540 W	386 W	37.73 V × 10.23 A	98.2 W	91%
545 W	389.6 W	37.96 V × 10.26 A	99.1 W	91%
550 W	393.3 W	38.18 V × 10.3 A	100 W	91%
555 W	397 W	38.42 V × 10.33 A	101 W	91%

Pmax = Vmp × Imp from the CEC listing; low-light efficiency = Pmax at 200 W/m² ÷ (20% of STC Pmax).

Certifications

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026)

UL 61730IEC 61215

UL 61730CEC listing
IEC 61215design qualification on file with CEC · Jan 19, 2022

Inverter compatibility & string sizing

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation · NLR PVWatts v8 · inverter datasheets · NLR SAM inverter library · CEC Grid Support Inverter List (Oct 7, 2026)

CityColdest air, °CHottest cell, °CString inverter

52.8 V

Voc when cold

per panel

34.1 V

Vmp when hot

per panel

Max panels / string

max DC 600 V

Min panels / string

MPPT from 60 V

Defaults come from NLR TMY weather (coldest hour, hottest modeled cell). Code calculations (NEC 690.7) use the ASHRAE extreme annual minimum, which is usually colder — enter it above. β is the CEC-measured coefficient; NEC 690.7 calculations use the datasheet value.

String inverters most named in SoCal permits

Inverter	Max DC input	MPPT	Window source	Panels per string
Tesla 1538000-xx-y	600 V	60–480 V	datasheet	2–11
Solis (Ginlong) S6-EH1P10K-H-US	600 V	80–520 V	datasheet	3–11
Solis (Ginlong) Solis-1P7.6K-4G-US	600 V	100–500 V	datasheet	3–11
Qcells Q.VOLT H7.6SX	498 V	234–498 V	CEC test window	7–9

Microinverters (one per panel)

Microinverter	Recommended module power	Max DC input	MPPT	Voc cold / Vmp hot	Check	DC/AC
Enphase IQ8X-80-M-US	320–540 W	79.5 V	43–60 V	52.8 / 34.1 V	✗ Not a match: module voltage below MPPT range	1.22
APsystems (Alt Power System) DS3-L	265–570 W	60 V	28–45 V	52.8 / 34.1 V	✓ Within range	0.6
Enphase IQ8A-72-2-US	295–500 W	60 V	32–45 V	52.8 / 34.1 V	✓ Within range	1.33

Voltage check against the microinverter datasheets — confirm the pairing on the manufacturer’s module compatibility list. Rows appear only when the panel’s power is inside the microinverter’s recommended module power range.

SolarEdge and other optimizer-based systems size strings by the optimizer rules — use the manufacturer’s designer. Reference inverters: most named in SoCal permits since Oct 2024.

Expected production in Southern California

NLR PVWatts v8 · Cali-Graf calculation

PanelsCity for chartSystem size

City	kWh / kW / yr	kWh / panel / yr	kWh / system / yr	Sun, kWh/m²/day
Los Angeles	1,676	779	11,690	6.08
Palmdale	1,835	853	12,799	6.69
Chula Vista	1,696	789	11,830	6.11
Huntington Beach	1,643	764	11,460	5.89
Riverside	1,696	789	11,830	6.21
Santa Clarita	1,724	802	12,025	6.28

Estimate for comparison, not a quote: shading, roof orientation and local losses change real output. Roof mount, 20° tilt, south, 14% system losses.

Compare with similar 465 W panels

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Kiwa PVEL Scorecard · datasheets · building permits

Panel	Pmax	Efficiency	γ Pmax (CEC)	Voc, V	Isc, A	SoCal permits (series)
Philadelphia Solar PS-M144(HC) 465	465 W	≈21.6%	−0.347	49.6	11.59	—
REC Group REC465AA Pure-RX	465 W	≈23%	−0.248	65.7	8.91	33
Aptos Solar DNA-120-MF10-465W	465 W	≈21.5%	−0.363	41.9	14.07	22
Canadian Solar CS6.1-54TM-465H	465 W	≥22.8%	−0.308	39.5	14.77	9

Same fields from the same sources for every row; ≈ efficiency is calculated from the listed area. Comparable series: other brands, same product group, power range covering this class.

Questions & answers

How efficient is the Philadelphia Solar PS-M144(HC) 465?

Calculated from the panel area (2.35 m²): about 21.6% for the 465 W class. 465 W over 2.35 m² equals about 197 W per square meter.

How much energy does one panel produce in Los Angeles or Palmdale?

PVWatts v8 with typical-year weather gives about 779 kWh per year per 465 W panel in Los Angeles and about 853 kWh in Palmdale (20° roof, facing south, 14% system losses).

How much power does it lose on a hot roof?

With γ = −0.347 %/°C, at a 77 °C cell temperature (hottest modeled hour in Palmdale) output is about 18% below the STC rating.

How many panels fit on one string?

With the Tesla 1538000-xx-y (max DC 600 V, MPPT from 60 V, datasheet) in Los Angeles the calculator gives 2–11 panels per string (Voc at 2 °C = 52.8 V, Vmp at 74 °C cell = 34.1 V). Final design must follow the inverter manual and NEC 690.7.

Does it work with APsystems (Alt Power System) DS3-L microinverters?

Voltage check against the APsystems (Alt Power System) datasheet: Voc when cold 52.8 V vs max input 60 V; Vmp when hot 34.1 V vs MPPT low 28 V; recommended module power 265–570 W. Confirm on the microinverter maker’s compatibility list.

Sources

California Energy Commission — Solar Equipment Lists, PV Module List, Inverter List (snapshot Oct 7, 2026).
Aptos Solar — datasheet Legacy Products.
Canadian Solar — datasheet TOPHiKu6 (All-Black) N-type TOPCon Technology CS6.1-54TM-435|440|445|450|455|460|465H.
Kiwa PVEL — PV Module Reliability Scorecard, Top Performer lists.
NLR (formerly NREL) — System Advisor Model CEC inverter library (version 2026.7.3).
NLR (formerly NREL) — PVWatts v8, NSRDB PSM v3 typical-year weather for Los Angeles, Palmdale, Chula Vista, Huntington Beach, Riverside, Santa Clarita.
Inverter datasheets — APsystems (Alt Power System), Enphase, Solis (Ginlong), Tesla (manufacturer documents).
Building permits — Southern California permit portals. Equipment matched from permit descriptions.
Cali-Graf calculations — formulas and inputs are shown next to each calculated value (efficiency from area, temperature-corrected voltages, string sizing, energy estimates).