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Illustration · 144 half-cut cells
Solar panelHyundai Energy Solutions

Hyundai Energy Solutions HiG-S445NI

144 half-cut cells, bifacial. Power classes 430–460 W in the CEC list.

CEC listed · Oct 1, 2021UL 61730Bifacial
Power class
  • Power (STC)445 WCEC nameplate
  • Efficiency≈20.2%calculated from area
  • %/°C Pmax−0.331CEC listing test
  • PTC / STC93.3%PTC 415 W (CEC)

Power classes

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation · 7 models
ModelPmaxVoc, VIsc, AVmp, VImp, AEfficiencyPTCCEC listed
HiG-S430NI430 W48.6011.2040.4010.65≈19.5%401 WOct 1, 2021
HiG-S435NI435 W48.8011.2840.6010.72≈19.7%405 WOct 1, 2021
HiG-S440NI440 W49.0011.3640.8010.79≈20.0%410 WOct 1, 2021
HiG-S445NI445 W49.2011.4441.0010.86≈20.2%415 WOct 1, 2021
HiG-S450NI450 W49.4011.5241.2010.93≈20.4%420 WOct 1, 2021
HiG-S455NI455 W49.6011.6041.4011.00≈20.6%425 WOct 1, 2021
HiG-S460NI460 W49.8011.6741.6011.06≈20.9%429 WOct 1, 2021
≈ efficiency = Pmax ÷ CEC-listed area 2.2 m².

Heat & cold behaviour

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation
CEC listing test
Pmax coefficient γ−0.331 %/°C
Voc coefficient β−0.265 %/°C
Isc coefficient α+0.052 %/°C
Operating cell temperatureNOCT 46.2 °C
Vmp coefficient ≈ γ − α (CEC); used only for the hot-roof voltage estimate.

Away from lab conditions — CEC listing test points

ClassPmax at NOCTVmp × Imp at NOCTPmax at 200 W/m²Low-light efficiency vs STC
430 W327.2 W38.18 V × 8.57 A87.6 W102%
435 W331 W38.37 V × 8.63 A88.6 W102%
440 W334.8 W38.56 V × 8.68 A89.6 W102%
445 W338.6 W38.75 V × 8.74 A90.7 W102%
450 W342.5 W38.94 V × 8.8 A91.7 W102%
455 W346.4 W39.12 V × 8.85 A92.7 W102%
460 W349.9 W39.31 V × 8.9 A93.7 W102%
Pmax = Vmp × Imp from the CEC listing; low-light efficiency = Pmax at 200 W/m² ÷ (20% of STC Pmax).

Independent reliability testing

Kiwa PVEL Scorecard
5
PVEL Scorecards
Hyundai Energy Solutions named Top Performer, 2017–2025
This exact series is not listed in published PVEL Top Performer tables. Results below are for the manufacturer.

Inverter compatibility & string sizing

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation · NLR PVWatts v8 · inverter datasheets · NLR SAM inverter library · CEC Grid Support Inverter List (Oct 7, 2026)
52.2 V
Voc when cold
per panel
33.3 V
Vmp when hot
per panel
11
Max panels / string
max DC 600 V
2
Min panels / string
MPPT from 60 V
Defaults come from NLR TMY weather (coldest hour, hottest modeled cell). Code calculations (NEC 690.7) use the ASHRAE extreme annual minimum, which is usually colder — enter it above. β is the CEC-measured coefficient; NEC 690.7 calculations use the datasheet value.

String inverters most named in SoCal permits

InverterMax DC inputMPPTWindow sourcePanels per string
Tesla 1538000-xx-y600 V60–480 Vdatasheet2–11
Solis (Ginlong) S6-EH1P10K-H-US600 V80–520 Vdatasheet3–11
Solis (Ginlong) Solis-1P7.6K-4G-US600 V100–500 Vdatasheet4–11
Qcells Q.VOLT H7.6SX498 V234–498 VCEC test window8–9

Microinverters (one per panel)

MicroinverterRecommended module powerMax DC inputMPPTVoc cold / Vmp hotCheckDC/AC
Enphase IQ8X-80-M-US320–540 W79.5 V43–60 V52.2 / 33.3 V✗ Not a match: module voltage below MPPT range1.17
APsystems (Alt Power System) DS3-L265–570 W60 V28–45 V52.2 / 33.3 V✓ Within range0.57
Enphase IQ8M-72-2-US260–460 W60 V30–45 V52.2 / 33.3 V✓ Within range1.37
Enphase IQ8A-72-2-US295–500 W60 V32–45 V52.2 / 33.3 V✓ Within range1.28
Voltage check against the microinverter datasheets — confirm the pairing on the manufacturer’s module compatibility list. Rows appear only when the panel’s power is inside the microinverter’s recommended module power range.
SolarEdge and other optimizer-based systems size strings by the optimizer rules — use the manufacturer’s designer. Reference inverters: most named in SoCal permits since Oct 2024.

Expected production in Southern California

NLR PVWatts v8 · Cali-Graf calculation
CitykWh / kW / yrkWh / panel / yrkWh / system / yrSun, kWh/m²/day
Los Angeles1,67674611,9336.08
Palmdale1,83581713,0656.69
Chula Vista1,69675512,0766.11
Huntington Beach1,64373111,6985.89
Riverside1,69675512,0766.21
Santa Clarita1,72476712,2756.28
779Jan780Feb1,000Mar1,105Apr1,091May1,160Jun1,222Jul1,236Aug1,081Sep953Oct820Nov709DeckWh per month · Los Angeles
Estimate for comparison, not a quote: shading, roof orientation and local losses change real output. Roof mount, 20° tilt, south, 14% system losses.

Compare with similar 445 W panels

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · datasheets · Kiwa PVEL Scorecard · building permits
PanelPmaxEfficiencyγ Pmax (CEC)Voc, VIsc, APVEL (product / brand)SoCal permits (series)
Hyundai Energy Solutions HiG-S445NI445 W≈20.2%−0.33149.211.44brand 5×—
Qcells Q.TRON BLK M-G2+ 445445 W≈22.8%−0.27640.1613.98brand 11× (2016–2026)40
Silfab Solar SIL-440QD440 W≈22.6%−0.29438.9714.25brand 7× (2017–2025)39
REC Group REC440AA Pure-RX440 W≈21.8%−0.24864.88.74brand 9× (2016–2025)33
Same fields from the same sources for every row; ≈ efficiency is calculated from the listed area. Comparable series: other brands, same product group, power range covering this class.

About Hyundai Energy Solutions

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Kiwa PVEL Scorecard · building permits

Other series by SoCal permits

HiN-TxxxNF(BK) · 37HiS-SxxxYH(BK) · 14HiS-TxxxNF(BK) · 8HiA-SxxxHG · 1HiS-CxxxRG(BK)HiN-TxxxNI

Questions & answers

How efficient is the Hyundai Energy Solutions HiG-S445NI?

Calculated from the panel area (2.2 m²): about 20.2% for the 445 W class. 445 W over 2.2 m² equals about 202 W per square meter.

How much energy does one panel produce in Los Angeles or Palmdale?

PVWatts v8 with typical-year weather gives about 746 kWh per year per 445 W panel in Los Angeles and about 817 kWh in Palmdale (20° roof, facing south, 14% system losses).

How much power does it lose on a hot roof?

With γ = −0.331 %/°C, at a 77 °C cell temperature (hottest modeled hour in Palmdale) output is about 17.1% below the STC rating.

How many panels fit on one string?

With the Tesla 1538000-xx-y (max DC 600 V, MPPT from 60 V, datasheet) in Los Angeles the calculator gives 2–11 panels per string (Voc at 2 °C = 52.2 V, Vmp at 74 °C cell = 33.3 V). Final design must follow the inverter manual and NEC 690.7.

Does it work with APsystems (Alt Power System) DS3-L microinverters?

Voltage check against the APsystems (Alt Power System) datasheet: Voc when cold 52.2 V vs max input 60 V; Vmp when hot 33.3 V vs MPPT low 28 V; recommended module power 265–570 W. Confirm on the microinverter maker’s compatibility list.

Is it bifacial?

Yes. Rear gain depends on mounting height and ground reflectance.

Has this panel been reliability-tested?

This exact series is not in published PVEL Top Performer tables; Hyundai Energy Solutions was named a Top Performer in 5 Scorecards (2017–2025).

Sources

  1. California Energy Commission — Solar Equipment Lists, PV Module List, Inverter List (snapshot Oct 7, 2026).
  2. Qcells — manufacturer datasheet “Q.TRON BLK M-G2+ SERIES 415–440 Wp”.
  3. Silfab Solar — datasheet NTC SIL-420 QD CELL TECHNOLOGY.
  4. Kiwa PVEL — PV Module Reliability Scorecard, Top Performer lists 2017–2025.
  5. NLR (formerly NREL) — System Advisor Model CEC module and inverter libraries (version 2026.7.3).
  6. NLR (formerly NREL) — PVWatts v8, NSRDB PSM v3 typical-year weather for Los Angeles, Palmdale, Chula Vista, Huntington Beach, Riverside, Santa Clarita.
  7. Inverter datasheets — APsystems (Alt Power System), Enphase, Solis (Ginlong), Tesla (manufacturer documents).
  8. Building permits — Southern California permit portals. Equipment matched from permit descriptions.
  9. Cali-Graf calculations — formulas and inputs are shown next to each calculated value (efficiency from area, temperature-corrected voltages, string sizing, energy estimates).