Illustration · 108 cells

Solar panelGermanSolar USA

GermanSolar USA GSM10-108 435

Name: GermanSolar USA GSM10-108 435
Brand: GermanSolar USA

108 cells. Power classes 415–455 W in the CEC list.

CEC listed · Oct 1, 2025UL 61730

Power class

Power (STC)435 WCEC nameplate
Efficiency≈24.0%calculated from area
%/°C Pmax−0.296CEC listing test
PTC / STC95.1%PTC 414 W (CEC)

Power classes

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation · 9 models

Model	Pmax	Voc, V	Isc, A	Vmp, V	Imp, A	Efficiency	PTC	CEC listed
GSM10-108-415W	415 W	39.10	13.12	33.75	12.30	≈22.9%	394 W	Oct 1, 2025
GSM10-108-420W	420 W	39.15	13.26	33.80	12.42	≈23.2%	399 W	Oct 1, 2025
GSM10-108-425W	425 W	39.20	13.40	33.86	12.55	≈23.5%	404 W	Oct 1, 2025
GSM10-108-430W	430 W	39.26	13.53	33.91	12.68	≈23.8%	409 W	Oct 1, 2025
GSM10-108-435W	435 W	39.31	13.67	33.97	12.81	≈24.0%	414 W	Oct 1, 2025
GSM10-108-440W	440 W	39.37	13.80	34.02	12.93	≈24.3%	419 W	Oct 1, 2025
GSM10-108-445W	445 W	39.42	13.94	34.07	13.06	≈24.6%	424 W	Oct 1, 2025
GSM10-108-450W	450 W	39.47	14.07	34.13	13.19	≈24.9%	428 W	Oct 1, 2025
GSM10-108-455W	455 W	39.53	14.21	34.18	13.31	≈25.1%	433 W	Oct 1, 2025

≈ efficiency = Pmax ÷ CEC-listed area 1.81 m².

Heat & cold behaviour

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation

	CEC listing test
Pmax coefficient γ	−0.296 %/°C
Voc coefficient β	−0.228 %/°C
Isc coefficient α	+0.044 %/°C
Operating cell temperature	NOCT 43.4 °C

Vmp coefficient ≈ γ − α (CEC); used only for the hot-roof voltage estimate.

Away from lab conditions — CEC listing test points

Class	Pmax at NOCT	Vmp × Imp at NOCT	Pmax at 200 W/m²	Low-light efficiency vs STC
415 W	290.3 W	30.64 V × 9.47 A	76.5 W	92%
420 W	293.5 W	30.69 V × 9.57 A	77.4 W	92%
425 W	297.1 W	30.74 V × 9.67 A	78.4 W	92%
430 W	300.6 W	30.79 V × 9.77 A	79.3 W	92%
435 W	304.3 W	30.84 V × 9.87 A	80.2 W	92%
440 W	307.6 W	30.89 V × 9.96 A	81.1 W	92%
445 W	311.1 W	30.93 V × 10.06 A	82 W	92%
450 W	314.8 W	30.99 V × 10.16 A	83 W	92%
455 W	318.1 W	31.03 V × 10.25 A	83.9 W	92%

Pmax = Vmp × Imp from the CEC listing; low-light efficiency = Pmax at 200 W/m² ÷ (20% of STC Pmax).

Inverter compatibility & string sizing

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · Cali-Graf calculation · NLR PVWatts v8 · inverter datasheets · NLR SAM inverter library · CEC Grid Support Inverter List (Oct 7, 2026)

CityColdest air, °CHottest cell, °CString inverter

41.4 V

Voc when cold

per panel

28.3 V

Vmp when hot

per panel

Max panels / string

max DC 600 V

Min panels / string

MPPT from 60 V

Defaults come from NLR TMY weather (coldest hour, hottest modeled cell). Code calculations (NEC 690.7) use the ASHRAE extreme annual minimum, which is usually colder — enter it above. β is the CEC-measured coefficient; NEC 690.7 calculations use the datasheet value.

String inverters most named in SoCal permits

Inverter	Max DC input	MPPT	Window source	Panels per string
Tesla 1538000-xx-y	600 V	60–480 V	datasheet	3–14
Solis (Ginlong) S6-EH1P10K-H-US	600 V	80–520 V	datasheet	3–14
Solis (Ginlong) Solis-1P7.6K-4G-US	600 V	100–500 V	datasheet	4–14
Qcells Q.VOLT H7.6SX	498 V	234–498 V	CEC test window	9–12

Microinverters (one per panel)

Microinverter	Recommended module power	Max DC input	MPPT	Voc cold / Vmp hot	Check	DC/AC
Enphase IQ8PLUS-72-2-US	235–440 W	60 V	29–45 V	41.4 / 28.3 V	⚠ Works; below MPPT at peak heat	1.5
Enphase IQ8X-80-M-US	320–540 W	79.5 V	43–60 V	41.4 / 28.3 V	✗ Not a match: module voltage below MPPT range	1.14
APsystems (Alt Power System) DS3-L	265–570 W	60 V	28–45 V	41.4 / 28.3 V	✓ Within range	0.56
Enphase IQ8M-72-2-US	260–460 W	60 V	30–45 V	41.4 / 28.3 V	⚠ Works; below MPPT at peak heat	1.34
Enphase IQ8A-72-2-US	295–500 W	60 V	32–45 V	41.4 / 28.3 V	⚠ Works; below MPPT at peak heat	1.25

Voltage check against the microinverter datasheets — confirm the pairing on the manufacturer’s module compatibility list. Rows appear only when the panel’s power is inside the microinverter’s recommended module power range.

SolarEdge and other optimizer-based systems size strings by the optimizer rules — use the manufacturer’s designer. Reference inverters: most named in SoCal permits since Oct 2024.

Expected production in Southern California

NLR PVWatts v8 · Cali-Graf calculation

PanelsCity for chartSystem size

City	kWh / kW / yr	kWh / panel / yr	kWh / system / yr	Sun, kWh/m²/day
Los Angeles	1,676	729	11,665	6.08
Palmdale	1,835	798	12,772	6.69
Chula Vista	1,696	738	11,804	6.11
Huntington Beach	1,643	715	11,435	5.89
Riverside	1,696	738	11,804	6.21
Santa Clarita	1,724	750	11,999	6.28

Estimate for comparison, not a quote: shading, roof orientation and local losses change real output. Roof mount, 20° tilt, south, 14% system losses.

Compare with similar 435 W panels

CEC PV Module List (Oct 7, 2026) · datasheets · Kiwa PVEL Scorecard · building permits

Panel	Pmax	Efficiency	γ Pmax (CEC)	Voc, V	Isc, A	Warranty	PVEL (product / brand)	SoCal permits (series)
GermanSolar USA GSM10-108 435	435 W	≈24%	−0.296	39.31	13.67	—	—	—
Canadian Solar CS3N-430MS	430 W	≈21.8%	−0.332	45.7	11.86	25 yr	product 2023	46
Qcells Q.TRON BLK M-G2+ 435	435 W	≥22.3%	−0.276	39.6	13.82	25 / 25 yr	brand 11× (2016–2026)	40
Silfab Solar SIL-435QD	435 W	≈22.3%	−0.294	38.94	14.05	25 / 30 yr	brand 7× (2017–2025)	39

Same fields from the same sources for every row; ≈ efficiency is calculated from the listed area. Comparable series: other brands, same product group, power range covering this class.

Questions & answers

How efficient is the GermanSolar USA GSM10-108 435?

Calculated from the panel area (1.81 m²): about 24% for the 435 W class. 435 W over 1.81 m² equals about 240 W per square meter.

How much energy does one panel produce in Los Angeles or Palmdale?

PVWatts v8 with typical-year weather gives about 729 kWh per year per 435 W panel in Los Angeles and about 798 kWh in Palmdale (20° roof, facing south, 14% system losses).

How much power does it lose on a hot roof?

With γ = −0.296 %/°C, at a 77 °C cell temperature (hottest modeled hour in Palmdale) output is about 15.4% below the STC rating.

How many panels fit on one string?

With the Tesla 1538000-xx-y (max DC 600 V, MPPT from 60 V, datasheet) in Los Angeles the calculator gives 3–14 panels per string (Voc at 2 °C = 41.4 V, Vmp at 74 °C cell = 28.3 V). Final design must follow the inverter manual and NEC 690.7.

Does it work with APsystems (Alt Power System) DS3-L microinverters?

Voltage check against the APsystems (Alt Power System) datasheet: Voc when cold 41.4 V vs max input 60 V; Vmp when hot 28.3 V vs MPPT low 28 V; recommended module power 265–570 W. Confirm on the microinverter maker’s compatibility list.

Sources

California Energy Commission — Solar Equipment Lists, PV Module List, Inverter List (snapshot Oct 7, 2026).
Canadian Solar — manufacturer datasheet “HiKu Mono PERC CS3N-400|405|410|415|420|425MS MORE POWER”.
Qcells — manufacturer datasheet “Q.TRON BLK M-G2+ SERIES 415–440 Wp”.
Silfab Solar — datasheet NTC SIL-420 QD CELL TECHNOLOGY.
Kiwa PVEL — PV Module Reliability Scorecard, Top Performer lists.
NLR (formerly NREL) — System Advisor Model CEC inverter library (version 2026.7.3).
NLR (formerly NREL) — PVWatts v8, NSRDB PSM v3 typical-year weather for Los Angeles, Palmdale, Chula Vista, Huntington Beach, Riverside, Santa Clarita.
Inverter datasheets — APsystems (Alt Power System), Enphase, Solis (Ginlong), Tesla (manufacturer documents).
Building permits — Southern California permit portals. Equipment matched from permit descriptions.
Cali-Graf calculations — formulas and inputs are shown next to each calculated value (efficiency from area, temperature-corrected voltages, string sizing, energy estimates).